Method and apparatus for loading flash lamps



April 18, 1944.

W. J. GEIG ER METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LOADING FLASH LAMPS Filed Jan. 14, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig 1.

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METHOD AND APPARATUS F 0R LOADING FLASH LAMPS Filed Jan. 14, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 T, ew 5mg e. 06w IT n JD ern mm WW .UJ b

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Patented Apr. 18, 1944 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR LOADING FLASH LAIMPS -Walter J. Geiger and Wilson Davidson, Cleveland Heights, Ohio, assignors to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application January 14, 1941, Serial No. 374,372

12 Claims.

Our invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing bulbs of flash lamps with a rumpled wool-like filling comprising the combustible light-giving elment thereof. I

The development of the combustible element i a very difflcult and exacting operation in that it involves the introduction of an extremely fine filamentary material and the assemblage of a very definitely constituted mass within the confines of a bulb. Present day commercially successful flash lamps of the type referred to are provided, for instance, with either a very fine wire or very narrow strips of foil which are uniformly distributed Within the interior thereof and depend upon the ver rapid burning of said combustible material in the gaseous combustion-supporting atmosphere also contained therein. The properties of the combustible materials must be such that they can be distributed about the entire interior of the lamp so as to form as complete a mixture with the gaseous element as possible and such that they will retain their position therein until the lamp can be used. The usual practice has been to distribute the combustible materials within the bulb as uniformly as possible and to depend upon the stiflness of said materials and their engagement with the bulb and the other parts of the lamp to hold them in place.

The handling and distributing phases of the filling operation present the greatest difiiculty, as the combustible materials are usually of aluminum, magnesium or alloys thereof and have a secbonsaof this type are manufactured according to the method and apparatus disclosed in the United States patent application, Serial No. 353,650, of Rippl and Isaac, which was filed August 22, 1940, and make up a flash lamp disclosed in United States patent application, Serial No. 322,520, of Rippl and Isaac, which was filed March 6, 1940.

One object of our invention is to provide a method and apparatus for developing the combustible element of flash lamps in a manner imparting the desired properties to said element.

Another object of our invention is to provide a method and apparatus for handling the combustibl materials in a satisfactory and ready manner.

Still another object of our invention is to provide a method and apparatus for introducing short lengths of the combustibl material into bulbs for flash lamps and to the distribution thereof within the interior of the bulbs.

' A still further object of our invention is to provide a method and apparatus for repeatedly developing the combustible elements in a succession of bulbs at a very high rate of speed such that flash lamps can be produced economicall on a commercial scale.

Still other objects and features of our invention will be apparent from the detailed description which follows of our method as applied to the species of our apparatus shown in the drawings.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a vertical section through a mid-portion of apparatus comprising our invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view thereof; Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the upper end of the intake tube on a larger scale; Figs. iand 5 are vertical sections through modified bulb-holding heads on a larger scale; Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the control switch and associated apparatus; and Fig. '7 is a vertical section through the fiufling head of the apparatus.

In the instance shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, a bulb I0 is in the course of being filled with strips or ribbons II of a combustible material. The bulb I0 is held by one of the two duplicate heads I2 (or I2a) mounted on the work surface l3 at the left of the apparatus and is located over the end of an inlet tube I4 of the head I2 which forms the means of conducting the strips or ribbons II thereto. A rubber gasket I5 and the body It of the head I2 seal the open neck I! of the bulb I0 from the atmospher and allows said ibulb I 0 to be exhausted so that a stream of air capable of carrying the strips II into the bulb III in the desired manner is caused to emerge from inlet tube I4.

In the present instance, the inlet tube I4 is directly connected to the apparatus I8 for making the strips or ribbons II by means of the fitting I9, the tube 20, and nozzle 21; and separate corresponding parts such as the tube 20a and nozzle 2Ia are provided to connect the inlet tube Ma of the adjacent head In thereto. All other apparatus connected to the heads I2 and I2a i also duplicated and normally one or the other of said heads I2 and Im and the apparatus associated therewith are in operation. At such times the strips II are drawn into one of the nozzles 2| or 2|a as rapidly as they are formed by the influx of air into said nozzle and are carried to the bulb I held by the head |2 or |2a by the movement of air through said nozzle 2| or 2la and the tube or 23a and inlet tube l4 or |4a connecting it to the head |2 or I20. The multiple construction of the filling apparatus permits the operator of the apparatus, who is stationed beside the left edge thereof, to replace and inspect the bulb l0 filled by one head l2 or |2a while another bulb I0 is being filled on the adjacent head and virtually doubles the productive capacity of the apparatus.

The combustible material fed into the bulbs l0 first appears in the cutting apparatus IS in the form of a sheet 22 of full hard" aluminum of foil thickness, 1. e., .00085 inch, and does not take strip or ribbon form until it passes over the knife edge 23 and into the path of the knife edges of the rotating cutter 24. The course of operations is such that the sheet 22 is fed between the stationary knife edge 23 and the holddown bar 25 at a uniform rate directly proportional to the speed of rotation of the feed rolls 26 and 21 and separate strips or ribbons H of very definite width are severed therefrom. Each strip is but .0008 inch in width and hasa length equal to the width (8 inches) of the sheet 22 regardless of the constant feeding operation and the intermittent shearing operation. The stationary knife edge 23 is mounted on a bed 28 carried by the frame 23 of the cutting apparatus l8, whereas the cutter 24 is journaled at opposite ends in extended portions 30 of the frame 23 and is driven from the pulley 3| through the clutch 32 engaging one of said ends. The pulley 3|, in turn, .is driven through belt 33 and, preferably an electric motor and speed reducer (not shown), and it drives the upper feed roll 26 through the speed reducer 34, the gears 35, 33, 31, 38 and 39 of the gear train 40 and shaft 4|. The pulley 3| and gear are mounted on shafts extending from the speed reducer 34, whereas the gears 36, 3-? and 38 are mounted on pins indirectly supported by the frame 29. Intermeshing gears like the gear 42 shown in Fig. 2 are provided on the feed rolls 2B and 21 to cause them to turn at the same peripheral speed.

The operation of the cutting apparatus is continuous, but at regular intervals, following the manufacture of the desired number of strips i! for a lamp, the production of strips H is interrupted for a moment by the inactivity of the sheet feeding means. The periods of operation and rest are established by the number of teeth in different groups on the first gear 35 of the gear train and the spaces between each group respectively and form an automatic means by which definite numbers of said strips H can be provided for each bulb H! as hereinafter described.

At the present moment, the exhausting operation is being applied to the head l2 and considerable suction is being created about the mouth of the nozzle 2| which is located directly below the center portion of the stationary knife edge 23. The suction is sufficiently strong to cause a mid-section of the strips II to be drawn into the nozzle 2| almost immediately after they are produced and is believed to carry each strip ll completely into said nozzle 2| before the succeeding strip H is drawn into it. The position of the nozzle 2! is not believed to be critical but it is preferred that it be mounted as near the cutting edges as practicable in order to limit the period not strained so as to present a uniform or nonuniform curled or wavy appearance such as generally associated with certain hairs, wools and metal wires,

It is believed that each strip passes to the head l2 separately through the nozzle 2|, the tube 20, the fitting l9 and the inlet tube l4 although the cutting apparatus is operated at a speed producing over one hundred strips, per second. As the strips II are in a double up position, they take only little more than half the space they would otherwise require and are more effectively gripped by the air stream passing through the apparatus. The bends in the tube 20 are made gradual so as to make the path of travel of the strips II as smooth and free flowing as possible, and every effort is made to make the apparatus free of all sharp edges and obstructions which could disturb and possibly catch and hold a strip The open mouth of the nozzle 2| which appears in Fig. 3 is flared out so as to present a comparatively long narrow opening in line with the strips H and is rounded off on all edges both inside and outside. The opposite end of said nozzle 2| is tapered inward so as to fit into the conical end of the tube 20 and is rounded off very slightly so that the strips I cannot ca'tch thereon. A corresponding connection is made between the opposite end of the tube 20 and the fitting IQ for the same reasons. Tight-fitting rubber tubes 44 surround the adjacent parts at both junctions so as to hold the tube 20 in place and eliminate any possibility of leakage through said Junctions. The connection between the fitting IB and the inlet tube I4 is characterized by the slightly flared opening in said inlet tube 4 and the rounding of the adjacent sections of both the fitting i9 and the tube i4.

During the course of travel through the nozzle 2 the tube 23, the fitting I9 and the inlet tube l4, the strips 5 l are rumpled somewhat because of their very slight strength and speed of movement, but it is not imtil they strike the interior of the bulb N that the major part of the rumpling takes place. At this latter moment, the strips II are very likely tangled with preceding and succeeding strips H and form a tangled mass which is distributed about the bulb I!) by the air flow. The movement of the strips H is too rapid to permit it to be studied, since the strips It almost instantaneously build up from the lower portion of the bulb I0 until they form a very uniform mass filling the entire bulbous portion of said bulb ID. The proportions of the inlet tube l4, tube 20 and the other parts of the apparatus and the rate of flow of the air stream are selected with the object of causing a certain number of strips H, equal to the desired amount of the combustible material for a lamp, to be rumpled to such a degree that they become distributed as widely as possible throughout the interior of the bulb l0. Observation of the rumpled mass shows that the strips II are bent in every conceivable direction of time the strips II are subject to drafts of air in a variety of loops or arcs of different size at nonuniform intervals and present, in general, a curled appearance.

Both the final rumpling of the strips II which occurs when said strips ll impinge on the curved upper end of the bulb l0, and the distribution of said strips ll about the interior thereof, are controlled to a certain extent by the position of said tube I4 within said bulb I and the curvature and surface conditions thereof. Under the particular conditions presented by the bulb l0 shown, it is preferred that the inlet tube 14 be located exactly on the center axis of said bulb I 0, and that the end of said tube l4, which incidentally is rounded off both inside and outside, be spaced inch from the top of said bulb l0. Various other spaced relations can be used successfully, but care must be taken not to have the end of the inlet tube I4 in the neck I! of the bulb ID or too far from the end thereof or the strips II will not impinge on said end with sufllcient force, air space may develop atsaid end which causes said strips II to ball-up and collect therein. As shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 5, the inlet tube or conduit (I4, l4 or l4") extends into the bulb to a point beyond the maximum diameter of the bulb. The bulb I0 is coated on the inside with lacquer which must be sufficiently dry to avoid interference with the movement of the strips ll Still another factor responsible for the distribution of the strips II within the bulb I0 is the fiow of air therein resulting from the diversion of the entering air stream. After the air reverses its direction upon striking the bulb 10, it passes downward, losing velocity gradually until finally as it passes out of said bulb l0 through the restricted space between the inlet tube l4 and the bulb neck it has little effect on the strips l I and they are trapped therein. The neck of the bulb l0 shown has an interior diameter of .495 inch and the inlet tube l4 has a diameter of .437 inch which leaves a space .029 inch wide completely around the neck l1 for the discharge of the air which flows down around the end of said neck I! and then up to the pipe 45.

The filling operation is very sensitive to differences and should it become desirable to fill differently shaped bulbs it may be desirable to modify the filling head I2 somewhat along the lines of the modifications shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The filling head l2, in Fig. 4 for instance, is especially adapted to accommodate a short neck bulb ill of almost the exact shape as bulb I0 and operates in exactly the same manner as the former head l2. The head l2, which is shorter, has a gasket l5 which fills a. good portion of the body l8 thereof and has an inlet tube l4 with a particularly shaped portion 46 which restricts the flow of air through the bulb neck IT.

The filling head I2" in Fig. 5 is especially adapted to accommodate long neck bulbs IU" of different shape and size from either bulb ID or ID and provides additional means of assisting in the distribution of the strips ll uniformly about the interior thereof. In this particular case the bulb l0 rests on a gasket l5" within a central opening in a gear 41 which is carried by the body N5" of the head I2" and is turned at 60 R. P. M. about a vertical axis by the rotation of said gear 41. The purpose of the rotative movement is to cause the strips II to be distributed to all sides of the bulb ID" in equal numbers regardless of any conditions which may have developed to cause said strips II to be thrown to right or left of the inlet tube l4". Obviously the top of the bulb I0" is less curved and therefore-more sensitive to any off-center condition or variation in the delivery and a void or dead from the top of the bulb l0" 3 that may have developed. The gear 4'! is held in place by a shoulder 48 on the lower'facethereof which is located in a recess in the body It" head l2" and is actuated by a gear 49 mounted on the shaft 50 which is driven from an adjacent source (not shown) through th belt 5! and pulley 52. A bracket 53 attached to the work of the apparatus provides the support for the shaft 50 and gear 49 and a guard 54 covers gear 41 and gear 49.

In this latter instance the inlet tube I4" is also differently constructed and is both farther I and dependent on other means for restricting the flow of air therefrom. The inlet tube l4" extends down through the bottom of the head l2" be connected directly to the tube 20 and is held in place by screws 55 extending from a sleeve 55 surrounding the lower portion thereof. The sleeve 56 functions as the means of controlling the flow of air from the bulb l0" and of keeping the rumpled strips II therein and as such extends up into the neck ll" of the bulb Ill". The packing 51 and the gland 58 seal the opening between the inlet tube l4" and the sleeve 56.

In every instance shown, it is preferred that apparatus like that connectedto the body l6 of the head I 2 as shown in Figs. 1 and 2 be provided to control the exhausting operation and prevent all foreign solid matter such as a strip H from being drawn into the main exhaust system. Such apparatus comprises the pipe 45, trap 59, pipe and pipe fittings 60, trap BI, and the electrically controlled valve 62 and is connected to a main exhaust system capable of producing vacuum equivalent to 550-650 mm. of mercury when the barometric pressure is equivalent to 740 mm. of mercury. The size and surface of the bulb and other conditions within the apparatus control the degree of vacuum required, and it is preferred that the line connecting the source thereof to the control valve 62 include a manometer and a second control valve so that the operator can adjust the vacuum to the desired value. Both traps 59 and 6| are alike and are arranged so that air is drawn through an opening 63 in the side of the cap 64 and passes through the screen 65 before going out the end opening therein. The screen 65 is removable with the cap 64 and is of a suitable fineness to catch all particles of any appreciable size which are drawn through the head I2. The control valve 62, on the other hand, corresponds to a duplicate valve 62a connected to the head In which is operated in combination therewith through the manipulation of the switch 66 attached to the cutting apparatus Hi. The valves 62 and 62a and switch 66 are so connected to the electric line supplying current to the apparatus that first one then the other of said valves are connected to the line for an interval. These intervals of operation cause the exhaust system to be connected to the respective heads [2 and I21: and are caused to coincide with successive periods of operation of the cutting apparatus 18 during which a definite number of strips ll corresponding to that required by a bulb are produced. In this manner a succession of bulbs are filled with a definite number of strips H by the alternate operation of the heads 12 and Ho. As shown in Figs. 2 and 6, the switch 56 is mounted on the arm 61 extending from the frame 29 of the cutting apparatus and is actuated by the lever 58 pivotally attached to the arm 69 extending therefrom which lever 68 engages the control pin 10 of the switch 66 and the cam H. The cam H of the surface I! to a point where it can is mounted on the constantly rotating shaft 12 of the drive means for the-cutting apparatus is and is so constructed as to manipulate the lever 68 and through it the control pin during the rest periods of said cutting apparatus. The switch 66 is a totally enclosed, single-pole, double-throw type manufactured by the Micro Switch Company of Freeport, 111., and is actuated by the engagement of lever S8 with either a high or low portion of the cam II. The cam H, in turn, is mounted on the shaft I2 with the gear 35 and is therefore automatically timed with the periods of operation of the cutting apparatus.

When the bulb Ill on head II, for instance, has been filled and the apparatus has started to fill a bulb on head l2a, the operator removes the filled bulb ill from the inactive head 12 and replaces it with a different bulb. The filled bulb I0 is then inspected visually to determine the distribution of the strips ll whereupon it is either set aside with other properly filled bulbs or is placed over the air jet [3 of the fiufling head 14 (Figs. 2 and 7) On occasion, a bulb may not be properly filled due to the improper distribution of strips II on opposite sides thereof and must either be discarded or be treated by the flufllng head 14 to correct this condition. The distribution operation is very critical due principally to the extreme light weight and low strength of the strips Ill and some small foreign particle, such as an irregularity in the top of the bulb H, or a slight off-center or tilted condition of the bulb i0 during filling may have caused more of the strips ii to have passed to one portion of the bulb Ill than another. A

very small particle, such as a small bubble in the lacquer coating on the inner surface of the bulb II, is sufiicient to disturb the filling operation. In placing the bulbs l0 over the fluffing nozzle 13, the operator subjects the strips ii to a current of air moving up one side of the bulb l0 and down the other in a whirl which is ordinarily sufficient to disturb any bunching of the strips II and to correct any irregularity in the distribution thereof. The air escapes from the bulb ill by lifting said bulb III so that the end of the neck I! is separated from the collar 15 of the flufling head H which collar 15 holds the nozzle IS in an upright position on work surface l3. Air at a pressure of about two pounds is used in the fiuifing head I4 and a period of use somewhat less than of air to effect strips within 3. Apparatus for introducing an extremely fine light weight strip of material into the interior of a bulb so as to develop the combustible element of flash lamps therein comprising an inlet tube adapted to extend through the neck and into the bulbous portion of the bulb, means for supporting the inlet tube and bulb in the desired relation to each other, means for causing a stream of a gaseous material to flow into the bulb through the inlet tube at such a speed 3 to cause the strip to be carried into said bulb and to impinge thereagainst with sumcient force to be bent and rumpled into a uniformly constituted mass and means for causing a relative movement between the bulb and inlet tube to assist in the distribution of the strip about the interior of the bulb.

' 4. Apparatus for developing the combustible element of flash lamps in bulbs comprising means for cutting successive series of extremely narrow strips of uniform width from end to end from a thin sheet of a combustible material, means for introducing successive series of strips into bulbs present first at one and then at the other of two different locations comprising an inlet tube adapted to extend through the neck and into the bulbous portion of a bulb at each of said locations, means for supporting each inlet tube and a bulb in the desired relation to each other and for closing off the open neck of the bulbs from the atmosphere. tubes connected to each inlet tube leading to the cutting means, means to efiect'the exhaustion of air from the bulbs through the neclis alternately to cause air and a succession of strips to be drawn into one and then the other of' the last mentioned tubes and streams of air to flow into the bulbs through the inlet tube associated therewith at such a speed as to cause the strips to be carried into said bulbs and to impinge thereagainst with sufficient force to be bent and rumpled into a. uniformly constituted mass, and means actuated by the period of operation of the head I! or In is J ratus for successively slicing flne filamentary ordinarily sufllcient to correct all improper conditions.

What we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

l. The method of introducing an extremely fine light weight strip of material into the interior of element of flash lamps therein which comprises conducting the strip into. the bulb in a stream of gaseous material at such a speed as to cause said strip to impinge on the bulb with sufllcient force to be bent and rumpled into a uniformly constituted mass and in rotating said bulb to cause the rumpled mass to be uniformly distributed about the interior of the said bulb.

2. The method of introducing extremely fine light weight strips of material into the interior of a bulb so as to ment of flash lamps therein which comprises conducting the strips into the bulb in a stream of gaseous material at such a speed as to cause said strips to impinge on the bulb with sufflcient force to be bent and rumpled into a tangled fluffy mass, and thereafter subjecting develop the combustible ele-' a bulb so as to develop the combustible a the cutting means for controlling the exhausting means.

5. Apparatus for providing flash lamp bulbs with fillings of combustible-material comprising means for supporting a plurality of bulbs; appastrips from a thin sheet of material; means,

' ing apparatus into said bulbs; means for periodically effecting cessation of the slicing of strips: and means, operable in proper time relation with said last-named means, for effecting flowof the gasstream in a different one of said transporting means upon each-subsequent resumption of operation of said slicing apparatus. 6.. Apparatus for loading a flash lamp bulb having a rounded end and an opening at its opposite end with a multiplicity of separate extremely fine strips of combustible material, comprising a suction head having an annular seat portion adapted to support a bulb for exhaustion. a smooth unobstructed feed conduit terminating at one end in an inlet tube extending into the suction head and terminating at its other end in a pick-up nozzle which is open to the'atmosphere, the said inlet tube being so proportioned that it extends into the bulb in said head to a point beyond the maximum diameter of the bulb the tube into the bulb, exhaust means connected to the suction head to exhaust the air from the open end ofthe bulb around the inlettube and from the feed conduit, the exhaust means being adjustedto create a suction in'the system suffleiently high 'to cause successive strips to be sucked in by the pick-up nozzle and transported through the feed conduit and inlet tube and to impinge against the said rounded end of the bulb and then to be drawn back toward the open end of the bulb to flll the bulb progressively from its open end to its rounded end with a tangled flufiy mass of the strips, the degree of suction being sufficiently low to prevent ballingup of the strips into a compact mass in the bulb, and means to prevent escape of the strips through the open end of the bulb.

7. Apparatus as' set forth in claim 6 wherein the exhaust means produces a degree of vacuum equivalent to about 550-650 mm. of mercury.

8. Apparatus for loading a flash lamp bulb having a rounded end and an opening at its 0pposite end with a multiplicity of separate extremely flne strips of combustible material, comprising a suction head having an annular seat portion adapted to support a bulb for exhaustion, a smooth unobstructed feed conduit terminating at one end in an inlet tube extending into the suction head and terminating at its other end in a pick-up nozzle which is open to the atmosphere, the said inlet tube being so proportioned that it extends into the bulb in said head to a point beyond the maximum diameter of the bulb but suflicientlv short of the rounded end of the bulb to permit free passage of the strips from the tube into the bulb, exhaust means connected to the suction head to exhaust the air from the open end of the bulb around the inlet tube and from the reed conduit, the exhaust means being adjusted tocreate a suction in the system sufliciently high to cause successive strips to be sucked in by the pick-up nozzle and transported through the feed conduit and inlet tube and to impinge against the said rounded end of the bulb and then to be drawn back toward the open end of the bulb to flll the bulb progressively from its open end to its rounded end with a tangled fiufl'y mass of the strips, the degree of suction being sufliciently low to prevent balling up of the strips into a compact mass in the bulb, the clearance between the inlet tube and the open end of the bulb being sufliciently small to prevent the strips from, being sucked out of the bulb.

; '9. Apparatus for loading a flash lamp bulb having a rounded end and an opening at its opposite end with a multiplicity of separate extremely flne strips of combustible material, comprising a suction head having an annular seat portion adapted to support a bulb for exhaustion with its open end lowermost, a smooth unobstructed feed conduit terminating at one end in an inlet tube extending upwardly into the suction head and terminating at its other end in a to permit free passage of the strips from the tube into the bulb, exhaust means connected to the suction head to exhaust the air from the open end of the bulb around the inlet tube and from the feedconduit, the exhaust means being ad-' justedto create a suction in the system suf- -ficiently high to cause successive strips to be sucked in by the pick-up nozzle and transported through the feed conduit and inlet. tube and to impinge against the said rounded end of the bulb and then to be drawn down toward the open end oi the bulb to fill the bulb progressively from its open,end to its rounded end with a tangled flufiy mass 'of the strips, the degree of suction being sufflciently low to prevent balling-up of the strips into a compact mass in the bulb, and means to prevent escape of the strips through the open end of the bulb.

10. The method of loading a flash lamp bulb having a rounded end and an opening atits opposite end with a multiplicity of separate extremely fine strips of combustible material, which comprises applying suction to the open end of the bulb to draw the strips thereinto from a point remote from the'bulb, and confining the strips in a passage during their travel from the said point so that they are directed at the rounded and of the bulb and vare released from the passage at a point beyond the maximum diameter of the bulb, and regulating the degree of suction to an amount suflicient to cause the strips to impinge against the said rounded end of the bulb and be drawn back toward its open end to flll the bulb progressively from its open end to its opposite end with a tangled flufly mass of-the strips. v I

11. Apparatus for loading a flash lamp bulb with a filling of combustible material comprising means for supporting the bulb, means for slicing flne strips from a sheet of foil, a conduit having an en ance end so disposed as to receive the strips as they are formed and having its delivery end located in said bulb at a point beyond the maximum diameter thereof, and means for applying suction to the open end 01' the-bulb to draw 'the strips into the conduit and thence into the bulb.

12. The method of loading a flash lamp bulb with combustible material which comprises slicinga multiplicity of strips from a sheet of foil at the entrance of a bonduit extending into the bulb, applying suction of suflicient force.- to the open end or the bulb to'draw the strips cause them to be released from the conduit at a point beyond the maximum diameter or the bulb and to be directed toward itsrounded end so that ggill gradually 1111 with a tangled fl rr mass of WALTER J. GEIGER. WILSON DAVIDSON.

separate extremely me into the conduit and to 

